Monitoring lake and reservoir restoration : technical supplement to The lake and reservoir restoration guidance manual / for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Assessment and Watershed Protection Division.

"August 1990"--Cover.

"This technical supplement was prepared by the North American Lake Management Society under EPA Cooperative Agreement No. CX-814969"--page ii.

Folded map, Hydrologic investigations atlas HA-710, in pocket.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 8-1 to 8-4) and index.

Preface -- Acknowledgements -- CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION -- Overview of the Clean Lakes Program -- Purpose of this Manual -- Intended Audience -- Manual Organization -- CHAPTER 2: PLANNING THE MONITORING PROGRAM -- Summary -- Background -- Monitoring Plans -- Preproject (Phase I) Monitoring -- Monitoring During Phase II Implementation -- Phase II Monitoring Following Treatment -- Long-term and Phase III Monitoring -- Quality Control/Quality Assurance -- CHAPTER 3: MONITORING METHODS -- Summary -- Background -- In-lake Sampling Procedures -- Water Chemistry Sampling -- Dissolved Oxygen Measurements -- Chlorophyll a Sampling -- Secchi Disk Measurements -- Sediment Sampling -- Macrophyte Surveys -- Tributary Streams -- Streamflow Measurements -- Instantaneous Flow Measurements -- Continuous Flow Measurements -- Streamwater Sample Collection -- Sample Handling and Preservation -- Water Chemistry Collection Containers -- Sample Preservation -- Analytical Methods -- Phosphorus -- Nitrogen -- Alkalinity/Acid Neutralizing Capacity -- Dissolved Oxygen Measurements -- Chlorophyll a -- Field QA/QC Samples -- CHAPTER 4: WATERSHED MONITORING -- Summary -- Background -- Relationship of Phase II to Phase I and III Studies -- Watershed Monitoring: A Hierarchical Approach -- Level I: Watershed Inventories -- Level II: Limited Stream Monitoring -- Level III: Comprehensive Watershed Monitoring -- The Nature of Nonpoint Source Pollutant Loadings to Lakes -- The Effect of Watershed Size on Runoff Derived Loadings -- Lake Water Residence Times -- Implications for Monitoring -- Level I: Watershed Inventories -- Applicability -- Construction Phase -- Post-project Phase -- Level II: Limited Stream Monitoring -- Applicability -- Construction Phase -- Post-project Phase -- Level III: Comprehensive Watershed Monitoring -- Applicability -- Streamflow Monitoring -- Characterization of Constituent Concentrations in Streamflow -- Watershed Inventories -- Interpretation of Tributary Stream Data -- Loading Calculations -- Source Analyses -- CHAPTER 5: IN-LAKE RESTORATION TECHNIQUES AND MONITORING -- Summary -- Background -- OBJECTIVE: Control Nuisance Algae -- CONTROL TECHNIQUE #1: Phosphorus Precipitation/Inactivation with Alum -- Technical Considerations -- Monitoring During Treatment -- Considerations for Interrupting Treatment -- Example - Wisconsin’s Long Lake -- Monitoring Following Treatment -- CONTROL TECHNIQUE #2: Dilution/Flushing -- Technical Considerations -- Monitoring During the First Two Weeks of Treatment -- Considerations for Interrupting Treatment -- Monitoring Following the First Two Weeks of Treatment -- CONTROL TECHNIQUE #3: Artificial Circulation -- Technical Considerations -- Monitoring During the First Two Weeks of Treatment -- Considerations for Interrupting Treatment -- Monitoring Following the First Two Weeks of Treatment -- CONTROL TECHNIQUE #4: Hypolimnetic Aeration -- Technical Considerations -- Monitoring During the First Two Weeks of Treatment -- Considerations for Interrupting Treatment -- Monitoring Following the First Two Weeks of Treatment -- CONTROL TECHNIQUE #5: Hypolimnetic Withdrawal -- Technical Considerations -- Monitoring During the First Two Weeks of Treatment -- Considerations for Interrupting Treatment -- Monitoring Following Treatment -- CONTROL TECHNIQUE #6: Sediment Oxidation -- Technical Considerations -- Monitoring During Treatment -- Considerations for Interrupting Treatment -- Monitoring Following Treatment -- CONTROL TECHNIQUE #7: Food Web Manipulation -- Technical Considerations -- Monitoring During Treatment -- Considerations for Interrupting Treatment -- Monitoring Following Treatment -- OBJECTIVE: Increase Depth -- CONTROL TECHNIQUE: Dredging -- Technical Considerations -- Monitoring During Treatment -- Considerations for Interrupting Treatment -- Monitoring Following Treatment -- OBJECTIVE: Control Nuisance Plants -- CONTROL TECHNIQUE #1: Water Level Drawdown -- Technical Considerations -- Monitoring During Treatment -- Considerations for Interrupting Treatment -- Monitoring Following Treatment -- CONTROL TECHNIQUE #2: Mechanical or Chemical Control of Nuisance Plants -- Technical Considerations -- Monitoring During Treatment -- Considerations for Interrupting Treatment -- Monitoring Following Treatment -- CONTROL TECHNIQUE #3: Biological Control of Nuisance Plants (Grass Carp) -- Technical Considerations -- Monitoring for the First Year After Fish Stocking -- Considerations for Interrupting Treatment -- Monitoring Following Treatment -- OBJECTIVE: Mitigate Acidic Conditions -- CONTROL TECHNIQUE #1: In-lake Liming -- Technical Considerations -- Monitoring During Treatment -- Considerations for Interrupting Treatment -- Monitoring Following Treatment -- CONTROL TECHNIQUE #2: Watershed Liming -- Technical Considerations -- Monitoring During Treatment -- Monitoring Following Treatment -- CHAPTER 6: A LONG-TERM MONITORING PROTOCOL -- Summary -- Background -- Monitoring Water Clarity -- A Basic Lake Water Quality Monitoring Plan -- Elements of the Basic Lake Water Quality Trend Monitoring Program -- A Comprehensive Long-term Lake Monitoring Protocol -- Rationale for Comprehensive Monitoring -- CHAPTER 7: CASE STUDY: DETECTION OF TRENDS AND SAMPLING STRATEGY EVALUATIONS - Statistical Evaluation of the Neuse River, North Carolina, Total Phosphorus Data Set -- Introduction -- Statistical Model Selection -- Parametric Methods -- Distribution-free Methods (Nonparametric Methods) -- Evaluation of the Historical Database -- Data Entry and Preparation -- Summary Statistics -- Trend Analysis -- Determination of Future Sampling Effort -- CHAPTER 8: REFERENCES -- APPENDIX: Cooperative Agreements for Protecting and Restoring Publicly Owned Freshwater Lakes, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

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