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Moreton Bay study : a scientific basis for the Healthy Waterways Campaign / William C. Dennison & Eva G. Abal.

By: Dennison, William C, 1954-.
Contributor(s): Abal, Eva G | Brisbane City Council. South East Queensland Regional Water Quality Management Strategy.
Material type: materialTypeLabelBookPublisher: Brisbane, Qld. : South East Queensland Regional Water Quality Management Strategy, ©1999Description: 1 online resource (xiv, 245 pages) : colour illustrations, colour maps.ISBN: 0958636818; 9780958636810.Subject(s): WATER QUALITY | ECOLOGY | POLLUTION | CONSERVATION | BIOLOGY | SEDIMENTS | NUTRIENTS | SEAGRASSES | ESTUARIES | ESTUARINE ECOLOGY | ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS | MORETON BAY | QUEENSLAND | AUSTRALIAOnline resources: Click here to access online
Contents:
CHAPTER 1: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- OVERALL CONCLUSION -- Environmental degradation evident in river estuaries and western portions of Moreton Bay: Rich and diverse ecosystems of eastern and northern Moreton Bay are essentially intact -- OVERALL RECOMMENDATIONS -- RESTORE degraded areas and protect intact areas -- STRATEGY: Reduce nutrient loads (particularly nitrogen) by sewage treatment upgrades. Reduce sediment and nutrient loads with stormwater controls, riparian revegetation, and catchment management -- RESEARCH: Investigate causes and nature of environmental degradation, as well as investigating restoration techniques -- MONITORING: Assess ecological outcomes of nutrient removal from sewage, stormwater controls and other management actions -- CHAPTER 2: MORETON BAY STUDY -- Common vision -- Regional scale -- Staged approach -- Simultaneous Science and management -- Scientific rigour -- Linked scientific tasks -- Initial conceptualisation -- Hydrodynamic transport model -- CHAPTER 3: MORETON BAY REGION -- Subtropical setting: seasonal rainfall -- Catchment: Bay area: ~ 14:1 -- River estuaries: BROWN -- Moreton Bay: BLUE -- Seasonal water circulation patterns -- Calibrated hydrodynamic and transport model -- Tides and winds influence water circulation -- Oceanic exchange: North Passage > South Passage > Jumpinpin -- Residence time variable: days to months -- CHAPTER 4: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- Historically healthy ecosystem -- Increasing population -- Increasing land use -- Degrading water quality: Brisbane River estuary -- Degrading water quality: Logan River estuary -- Degrading water quality: Moreton Bay -- Turbid river estuaries -- Particularly turbid Brisbane River estuary -- Multiple turbidity sources: Brisbane River -- Turbidity maintenance by tidal resuspension -- Turbidity influenced by river flow -- CHAPTER 5: SEDIMENT AND NUTRIENT LOADS -- Most sewage discharges into river estuaries -- Major sewage loading into Brisbane River estuary -- Increased sediment and nutrient run-off from land disturbance -- Discrepancy in non-point source estimates during low flow -- Atmospheric nutrient sources highest near Brisbane River mouth -- Discrepancy in estimates of atmospheric input -- Groundwater not a major nutrient source -- CHAPTER 6: SEDIMENTS, TURBIDITY AND SEAGRASS IMPACTS -- Sediments -- Muddy sediment deposited in central basin -- Resuspension of muddy sediment -- Resuspension due to tidal currents, wind waves and ocean swell -- Increased turbidity from resuspended mud -- Turbidity -- Light attenuation from turbidity -- Light quality dependent on season and location -- Light anomaly in Deception Bay -- Underwater light loggers deployed throughout Bay -- No light reaching Bramble Bay seafloor -- Seagrass Impacts -- Seagrass loss in turbid portions of Moreton Bay -- Seagrass distribution: light dependent -- Light availability measured with seagrass depth range -- Impact of light deprivation pronounced in Western Bay -- CHAPTER 7: NUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION -- Various forms of nutrients -- Water Column Nutrients -- Rigorous testing of water column nutrients -- Nitrogen and phosphorus: river estuaries > western Bay > eastern Bay -- Spatial distribution patterns relatively consistent -- Sediment Nutrients -- Intensive sediment sampling -- Diverse sampling techniques for different sediment nutrient forms -- Correlation of %mud with %total nutrients -- Porewater nutrients of surficial sediment: no pattern -- Exchangeable phosphate > exchangeable ammonium -- Depth profiling of sediment nutrients -- High ammonium in mud; high nitrate in sand -- Strong gradients in both water column and sediment nutrients
CHAPTER 8: NUTRIENT PROCESSES -- Nutrient Cycles -- Relatively complex nitrogen (N) cycle -- Fewer transformations in phosphorus (P) cycle -- Nitrogen Transformation Measurements -- Mixing plots: indication of nutrient processes -- Denitrification inferred in some river estuaries -- Nitrogen fixation measured using acetylene reduction -- Nitrogen fixation ubiquitous: highest rates associated with seagrass -- Denitrification measured using acetylene blockage -- Denitrification rates dependent on nitrate availability -- Sediment Chambers -- Benthic chambers used to measure nutrient fluxes -- Redfield ratios used to interpret benthic flux measurements -- Ammonium and phosphate release dependent on oxygen availability -- ‘Poised’ denitrification efficiency in muddy sediment -- Sediment types control nutrient fluxes -- Flushing time of Bay predicts denitrification efficiency ~ 25% -- CHAPTER 9: NUTRIENT RESPONSES -- Phytoplankton -- Phytoplankton blooms near nutrient sources -- Phytoplankton biomass: high and variable in Bramble Bay -- Phytoplankton productivity: high in Bramble Bay -- Nutrient uptake measured with isotope tracers -- Nutrient uptake rates variable -- Deviation of nutrient uptake from Redfield ratios -- Phytoplankton nitrogen preference: ammonium > urea > nitrate -- Inhibition of nitrate uptake by ammonium -- Phytoplankton assemblage predicted by the form of nitrogen -- Seagrass -- Seagrass responses to nutrients tested -- Seagrass growth stimulated in eastern Bay -- Mangroves -- Mangrove responses to nutrients tested -- Mangrove growth stimulated in western Bay -- Overall -- Marine plants responsive to different nutrient sources -- CHAPTER 10: LIMITING NUTRIENTS AND NUTRIENT BUDGETS -- Nutrient in least supply = limiting -- Nitrogen: primary limiting nutrient in river estuaries and Bay -- Nitrogen limitation: water column nutrient ratios and turnover times -- Nitrogen limitation: phytoplankton nutrient uptake rates and bioassay responses -- Nitrogen limitation: macroalgal and seagrass responses -- System-wide nutrient budgets constructed -- Carbon budget dominated by metabolism of marine biota -- Large uncertainties in nitrogen budget -- Phosphorus budget corresponds to flushing time -- CHAPTER 11: TRACING SEWAGE -- Sewage nitrogen traced using stable isotopes δ15N -- Elevated plant and sediment δ15N values near sewage discharges -- Localised influence of sewage nitrogen in Bramble and Waterloo Bays -- Biomarkers used to determine sources of organic matter -- Most organic matter derived from microalgae and higher plants -- Hydrodynamic model and dye predict sewage plume in Bramble Bay -- Salinity measurements trace sewage plume in Bramble Bay -- CHAPTER 12: HUMAN HEALTH IMPLICATIONS -- Several human health issues -- Turbidity -- High turbidity in foreshore areas exceeds limits for swimming -- Toxicants -- Broad scale survey of toxicants -- Different toxicant guidelines exist -- Water sampling techniques devised -- Strong gradients in sediment toxicants: guidelines exceeded in Brisbane River -- Gradients in metal content of biota -- Persistent toxicants in biota, especially from Brisbane River -- Lyngbya -- Lyngbya bloom in Deception Bay -- Lyngbya impacts both human and ecological health -- Nitrogen fixation in Lyngbya stimulated by iron and phosphorus -- Hypothesised link between Lyngbya and hydric soils -- Faecal coliforms -- Faecal coliforms high in Brisbane River -- Faecal coliforms can be flushed into the Bay after rain events -- Bacteria -- High bacterial productivity in the Bremer River -- CHAPTER 13: MORETON BAY BIOTA -- High biotic diversity -- Plankton -- Plants = phytoplankton; animals = zooplankton -- Phytoplankton = diatoms, dinoflagellates and other flagellates -- Zooplankton = copepods, shellfish larvae, ciliates, and polychaetes -- Zooplankton grazing determined by various methods -- Zooplankton grazing affects phytoplankton biomass -- Benthic microalgae -- Benthic microalgae = pennate diatoms, dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria -- Benthic microalgae ubiquitous -- Benthic microalgae productive -- Diverse red, green and brown macroalgae -- Macroalgae on rocks, mangroves and seagrass -- Nuisance green macroalgae in Bay -- Corals -- Unique coral assemblages -- Historical record of floods from coral cores -- Seagrass -- Seagrass supports dugong, sea turtle, prawns and fisheries -- Variable seagrass communities -- Seagrass distribution patterns distinguished by remote sensing -- Worm digging disrupts seagrass -- Intensive cultivation grazing by dugongs -- Mangroves -- Mangrove communities dominated by grey mangrove -- Mangroves (and salt marshes) throughout river estuaries and Bay -- Mangroves: nursery and habitat -- Fauna -- Diverse assemblages: not an emphasis in the Study -- CHAPTER 14: FUNCTIONAL ZONES -- Overall conceptual model -- River estuaries: moderately to highly impacted -- Caboolture River estuary -- Pine River estuary -- Logan River estuary -- Brisbane River estuary -- Bremer River estuary -- Moreton Bay: highly impacted to relatively pristine -- Northern Deception Bay -- Southern Deception Bay -- Bramble Bay -- Waterloo Bay -- Southern Moreton Bay -- Eastern Moreton Bay -- Northern Moreton Bay -- Moreton Bay and river estuaries -- Functional zones defined -- CHAPTER 15: ECOLOGICAL HEALTH MONITORING -- Ecological health monitoring: important resource management tool -- Ecological health defined with measurable ecosystem features -- Functional zones mapped -- Ecological health indicators developed -- Sampling strategy: annual survey and monthly widespread -- Sampling strategy: monthly intensive and contingency -- Use of spatial statistics to determine and evaluate sampling strategy -- Incorporation of review and reporting into monitoring program -- Independent audit of investments in environmental protection -- CHAPTER 16: MORETON BAY STUDY IN PERSPECTIVE -- Abundance of Australian estuaries -- Australian estuaries differ from Northern Hemisphere estuaries -- Australian estuaries dominated by rainfall patterns -- Port Phillip Bay Study most similar to Moreton Bay Study -- Hervey Bay: ecological issues without large population -- Moreton Bay Study results may be applicable to inshore Great Barrier Reef -- Chesapeake Bay: benchmark estuary -- Chesapeake Bay: well studied but degraded -- Moreton Bay Study: catchment focus in Stage 3 -- Moreton Bay Study Stage 3: wider scope and membership -- The coastal management challenge -- Glossary -- Symbol Glossary -- Further Reading List -- Location Index -- Subject Index.
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PDF PDF WELLINGTON ONLINE ELECTRONIC 1 Not for loan 398632

Scientific communication : Jane Rogers ; with contributions from Catherine Collier, Caroline Gaus.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 238-239) and indexes.

CHAPTER 1: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- OVERALL CONCLUSION -- Environmental degradation evident in river estuaries and western portions of Moreton Bay: Rich and diverse ecosystems of eastern and northern Moreton Bay are essentially intact -- OVERALL RECOMMENDATIONS -- RESTORE degraded areas and protect intact areas -- STRATEGY: Reduce nutrient loads (particularly nitrogen) by sewage treatment upgrades. Reduce sediment and nutrient loads with stormwater controls, riparian revegetation, and catchment management -- RESEARCH: Investigate causes and nature of environmental degradation, as well as investigating restoration techniques -- MONITORING: Assess ecological outcomes of nutrient removal from sewage, stormwater controls and other management actions -- CHAPTER 2: MORETON BAY STUDY -- Common vision -- Regional scale -- Staged approach -- Simultaneous Science and management -- Scientific rigour -- Linked scientific tasks -- Initial conceptualisation -- Hydrodynamic transport model -- CHAPTER 3: MORETON BAY REGION -- Subtropical setting: seasonal rainfall -- Catchment: Bay area: ~ 14:1 -- River estuaries: BROWN -- Moreton Bay: BLUE -- Seasonal water circulation patterns -- Calibrated hydrodynamic and transport model -- Tides and winds influence water circulation -- Oceanic exchange: North Passage > South Passage > Jumpinpin -- Residence time variable: days to months -- CHAPTER 4: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- Historically healthy ecosystem -- Increasing population -- Increasing land use -- Degrading water quality: Brisbane River estuary -- Degrading water quality: Logan River estuary -- Degrading water quality: Moreton Bay -- Turbid river estuaries -- Particularly turbid Brisbane River estuary -- Multiple turbidity sources: Brisbane River -- Turbidity maintenance by tidal resuspension --
Turbidity influenced by river flow -- CHAPTER 5: SEDIMENT AND NUTRIENT LOADS -- Most sewage discharges into river estuaries -- Major sewage loading into Brisbane River estuary -- Increased sediment and nutrient run-off from land disturbance -- Discrepancy in non-point source estimates during low flow -- Atmospheric nutrient sources highest near Brisbane River mouth -- Discrepancy in estimates of atmospheric input -- Groundwater not a major nutrient source -- CHAPTER 6: SEDIMENTS, TURBIDITY AND SEAGRASS IMPACTS -- Sediments -- Muddy sediment deposited in central basin -- Resuspension of muddy sediment -- Resuspension due to tidal currents, wind waves and ocean swell -- Increased turbidity from resuspended mud -- Turbidity -- Light attenuation from turbidity -- Light quality dependent on season and location -- Light anomaly in Deception Bay -- Underwater light loggers deployed throughout Bay -- No light reaching Bramble Bay seafloor -- Seagrass Impacts -- Seagrass loss in turbid portions of Moreton Bay -- Seagrass distribution: light dependent -- Light availability measured with seagrass depth range -- Impact of light deprivation pronounced in Western Bay -- CHAPTER 7: NUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION -- Various forms of nutrients -- Water Column Nutrients -- Rigorous testing of water column nutrients -- Nitrogen and phosphorus: river estuaries > western Bay > eastern Bay -- Spatial distribution patterns relatively consistent -- Sediment Nutrients -- Intensive sediment sampling -- Diverse sampling techniques for different sediment nutrient forms -- Correlation of %mud with %total nutrients -- Porewater nutrients of surficial sediment: no pattern -- Exchangeable phosphate > exchangeable ammonium -- Depth profiling of sediment nutrients -- High ammonium in mud; high nitrate in sand -- Strong gradients in both water column and sediment nutrients

CHAPTER 8: NUTRIENT PROCESSES -- Nutrient Cycles -- Relatively complex nitrogen (N) cycle -- Fewer transformations in phosphorus (P) cycle -- Nitrogen Transformation Measurements -- Mixing plots: indication of nutrient processes -- Denitrification inferred in some river estuaries -- Nitrogen fixation measured using acetylene reduction -- Nitrogen fixation ubiquitous: highest rates associated with seagrass -- Denitrification measured using acetylene blockage -- Denitrification rates dependent on nitrate availability -- Sediment Chambers -- Benthic chambers used to measure nutrient fluxes -- Redfield ratios used to interpret benthic flux measurements -- Ammonium and phosphate release dependent on oxygen availability -- ‘Poised’ denitrification efficiency in muddy sediment -- Sediment types control nutrient fluxes -- Flushing time of Bay predicts denitrification efficiency ~ 25% -- CHAPTER 9: NUTRIENT RESPONSES -- Phytoplankton -- Phytoplankton blooms near nutrient sources -- Phytoplankton biomass: high and variable in Bramble Bay -- Phytoplankton productivity: high in Bramble Bay -- Nutrient uptake measured with isotope tracers -- Nutrient uptake rates variable -- Deviation of nutrient uptake from Redfield ratios -- Phytoplankton nitrogen preference: ammonium > urea > nitrate -- Inhibition of nitrate uptake by ammonium -- Phytoplankton assemblage predicted by the form of nitrogen -- Seagrass -- Seagrass responses to nutrients tested -- Seagrass growth stimulated in eastern Bay -- Mangroves -- Mangrove responses to nutrients tested -- Mangrove growth stimulated in western Bay -- Overall -- Marine plants responsive to different nutrient sources -- CHAPTER 10: LIMITING NUTRIENTS AND NUTRIENT BUDGETS -- Nutrient in least supply = limiting -- Nitrogen: primary limiting nutrient in river estuaries and Bay -- Nitrogen limitation: water column nutrient ratios and turnover times -- Nitrogen limitation: phytoplankton nutrient uptake rates and bioassay responses -- Nitrogen limitation: macroalgal and seagrass responses -- System-wide nutrient budgets constructed -- Carbon budget dominated by metabolism of marine biota -- Large uncertainties in nitrogen budget -- Phosphorus budget corresponds to flushing time -- CHAPTER 11: TRACING SEWAGE -- Sewage nitrogen traced using stable isotopes δ15N -- Elevated plant and sediment δ15N values near sewage discharges -- Localised influence of sewage nitrogen in Bramble and Waterloo Bays -- Biomarkers used to determine sources of organic matter -- Most organic matter derived from microalgae and higher plants -- Hydrodynamic model and dye predict sewage plume in Bramble Bay -- Salinity measurements trace sewage plume in Bramble Bay -- CHAPTER 12: HUMAN HEALTH IMPLICATIONS -- Several human health issues -- Turbidity -- High turbidity in foreshore areas exceeds limits for swimming -- Toxicants -- Broad scale survey of toxicants -- Different toxicant guidelines exist -- Water sampling techniques devised -- Strong gradients in sediment toxicants: guidelines exceeded in Brisbane River -- Gradients in metal content of biota -- Persistent toxicants in biota, especially from Brisbane River -- Lyngbya -- Lyngbya bloom in Deception Bay -- Lyngbya impacts both human and ecological health -- Nitrogen fixation in Lyngbya stimulated by iron and phosphorus -- Hypothesised link between Lyngbya and hydric soils -- Faecal coliforms -- Faecal coliforms high in Brisbane River -- Faecal coliforms can be flushed into the Bay after rain events -- Bacteria -- High bacterial productivity in the Bremer River -- CHAPTER 13: MORETON BAY BIOTA -- High biotic diversity -- Plankton -- Plants = phytoplankton; animals = zooplankton -- Phytoplankton = diatoms, dinoflagellates and other flagellates -- Zooplankton = copepods, shellfish larvae, ciliates, and polychaetes -- Zooplankton grazing determined by various methods -- Zooplankton grazing affects phytoplankton biomass -- Benthic microalgae -- Benthic microalgae = pennate diatoms, dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria -- Benthic microalgae ubiquitous -- Benthic microalgae productive -- Diverse red, green and brown macroalgae -- Macroalgae on rocks, mangroves and seagrass -- Nuisance green macroalgae in Bay -- Corals -- Unique coral assemblages -- Historical record of floods from coral cores -- Seagrass -- Seagrass supports dugong, sea turtle, prawns and fisheries -- Variable seagrass communities -- Seagrass distribution patterns distinguished by remote sensing -- Worm digging disrupts seagrass -- Intensive cultivation grazing by dugongs -- Mangroves -- Mangrove communities dominated by grey mangrove -- Mangroves (and salt marshes) throughout river estuaries and Bay -- Mangroves: nursery and habitat -- Fauna -- Diverse assemblages: not an emphasis in the Study -- CHAPTER 14: FUNCTIONAL ZONES -- Overall conceptual model -- River estuaries: moderately to highly impacted --
Caboolture River estuary -- Pine River estuary -- Logan River estuary -- Brisbane River estuary -- Bremer River estuary -- Moreton Bay: highly impacted to relatively pristine -- Northern Deception Bay -- Southern Deception Bay -- Bramble Bay -- Waterloo Bay -- Southern Moreton Bay -- Eastern Moreton Bay -- Northern Moreton Bay -- Moreton Bay and river estuaries -- Functional zones defined -- CHAPTER 15: ECOLOGICAL HEALTH MONITORING -- Ecological health monitoring: important resource management tool -- Ecological health defined with measurable ecosystem features -- Functional zones mapped -- Ecological health indicators developed -- Sampling strategy: annual survey and monthly widespread -- Sampling strategy: monthly intensive and contingency -- Use of spatial statistics to determine and evaluate sampling strategy -- Incorporation of review and reporting into monitoring program -- Independent audit of investments in environmental protection -- CHAPTER 16: MORETON BAY STUDY IN PERSPECTIVE -- Abundance of Australian estuaries -- Australian estuaries differ from Northern Hemisphere estuaries -- Australian estuaries dominated by rainfall patterns -- Port Phillip Bay Study most similar to Moreton Bay Study -- Hervey Bay: ecological issues without large population -- Moreton Bay Study results may be applicable to inshore Great Barrier Reef -- Chesapeake Bay: benchmark estuary -- Chesapeake Bay: well studied but degraded -- Moreton Bay Study: catchment focus in Stage 3 -- Moreton Bay Study Stage 3: wider scope and membership -- The coastal management challenge -- Glossary -- Symbol Glossary -- Further Reading List -- Location Index -- Subject Index.

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